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The revitalization of China's manufacturing Thinking (2)
The revitalization of China's manufacturing Thinking (2)
February 2005, the United States Working Group on Innovation (TaskForce on the Future of AmericanInnovation) has issued areport. U.S. data that accounted for China's textile exportsin 1990 from 27% to 21% in 2000, the first half of 2005 has fallento 15 percent, although because of the elimination of quotas thisyear brought about the absolute amount of the increase in theUnited States . At the same time, high-tech products, andcontains more extensive mechanical and electronic products industryaccounts for a substantial increase has been accounted for themajority of China's exports.
In addition, Hartson Institute concluded that: "China's traditionallow-tech content, labor-intensive exports of the country's imagewill soon become history." [6] In summary, in recent years thedevelopment of China's manufacturing the status quo reflected inthe following one sustained and rapid growth of manufacturingproduction, expanding the overall size of 2 to obtain theeffectiveness of structural adjustment, improve significantly theproportion of high-tech industries, some traditional industriescontinued to decline 3 proportion of industrial concentration hasincreased, economies of scale has come a long way 4 the developmentof the manufacturing aspect of transnational corporations at analarming scale and speed of transfer to our country.
China's manufacturing sector compared with the developed countriesthere are still a wide gap between. Reflected mainly in one largeconsumption of resources, cause serious pollution. Forexample, China's GDP accounted for 4% of the world, but consumes25% of the world's steel, coal 30%, 50% of cement. GDP outputpower: Japan 1, Germany at 1.5, the United States 267, China was11.5, the overall energy consumption than the world average 1.8times, of which manufactured goods, energy consumption of bothenergy consumption and output value of the National Primary EnergyConsumption 63% of average energy consumption of unit product ofinternational advanced level of 20% -30%; unit output value of thepollution is far higher than developed countries, national SO2emissions by 67.6 percent and industrial boiler power plantgenerated. 2 products to the lower end of the main added value isnot high. Product only 26.23 percent, than the United States,Japan, Germany, respectively, low 22.99,22.12, and 11.69 percentagepoints. The main exports are labor-intensive and low technologycontent products.
3 irrational industrial structure, as a representative of theadvanced productive forces, national core competitiveness of keyindustrial added value of the equipment manufacturing industryaccounted for the proportion of manufacturing industry than inindustrial countries about 10 percentage points. For example,in 2001, the National Product import equipment manufacturing 110billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the country's total imports of48%, integrated circuit chip manufacturing equipment 95%, carmanufacturing equipment, CNC machine tools, textile machinery andprinting equipment, 70 percent dependent on imports . Therevitalization of China's manufacturing industry still has a longway to go. [7] [7]
Medium and long-term National Science and Technology DevelopmentPlan (2006-2020) clearly states: "From now until 2020, China'sscience and technology development should be to enhance nationalcompetitiveness as the core, important to achieve eightgoals." The first of these are: "to master a number ofnational competitive equipment manufacturing industry with coreinformation technology, manufacturing and information technologylevel of industry into the most advanced in the world." Strategy Report noted that: the overall size of China'smanufacturing sector to enter the ranks of the world.
According to Academy of Sciences, with input-output machine -system dynamics model ( "IOSD model") prediction: according to 2000prices, 2000 to 2020 the growth rate of industrial added value ofChina's manufacturing industry up to 8.64% higher than thecorresponding GDP growth rate of 7.24%.
Prices by year, the manufacturing sector growth rate of industrialadded value of 9.34 percent, also higher than the corresponding GDPgrowth rate of 9.11%; expected the manufacturing sector in 2020 theproportion of industrial added value of GDP accounted for about37.66 percent, a slight increase over 2000. From theindustrial look, in 2020 the proportion of textile manufacturingindustry will be reduced, the proportion of machinery andelectronics manufacturing industry will increase to 40% (the UnitedStates, Japan, Germany in 1997 for 44.1%, 46.6%, 46.6%).
[3], "the national economy and social development in the EleventhFive-Year Plan" that to revitalize the equipment manufacturingindustry and 10 key projects: 1 large clean and efficient powergeneration equipment, power transmission equipment 2 EHV 3 largeethylene equipment 4 large Coal Chemical Industry CompleteEquipment 5 Equipment 6 large metallurgical coal mining equipmentintegrated 7 large vessels equipped with 8 rail transportationequipment (200 kilometers per hour and above) 9 environmentalprotection and comprehensive utilization of resources 10 CNCmachine tools and equipment. [4] [4]
February 13 June 2006 issued by the State Council about "revitalizethe equipment manufacturing industry and a number of views." Viewsclear to accelerate the revitalization of the equipmentmanufacturing industry goal: By 2010, the development group has astrong competitive large-scale equipment manufacturing enterprises,and enhance with independent intellectual property rights of majortechnologies and equipment manufacturing capacity to meet basicenergy, transportation, raw materials areas and national defenseneeds. To rely on regional advantages, exert industrial clusteringeffect, the formation of a number of features and well-known brandsof equipment manufacturing concentration.
Building and perfecting a number of internationally advanced levelin the major technologies and equipment for state-level engineeringcenters, the initial set up with enterprises as the mainstay oftechnological innovation system. Gradually formed a majortechnical equipment, high-tech industrial equipment, basicequipment, general machinery and equipment such as a reasonabledivision of labor specialization, mutual promotion and coordinateddevelopment of the industry pattern.
] Views, select a group of national economic security and nationaldefense construction has an important impact in promotingsustainable development of the national economy has a significanteffect of structural adjustment and industrial upgrading has anactive and leading role, be able to expand their own equipment assoon as possible the market share of major technical equipment andproducts as the focus of increased policy support and guide theefforts to achieve a major breakthrough in key areas [5]
In the new century, the development goals of China's manufacturingindustry are: striving to make use of 10 years or so, so thatChina's manufacturing industry as the world's manufacturing baseand supply one. Among them, as a manufacturing corecomponents of the equipment manufacturing industry, and strive touse 15 years or so, become the world's major equipmentmanufacturing and supply bases.
[1] is currently the world's manufacturing industry the latesttrends have the following characteristics: 1 market, thediversification of the manufacturing sector, 2 the development ofglobalization of 3 high-tech industries (including the intelligent,network-based, virtual and agile) 4 manufacturing sector Cluster 5development of the manufacturing sector, the development of 6Service attaches great importance to developing manufacturing basictechnologies, improve overall technical level of 7 basic componentsof sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises Eightadjustment and transfer of world manufacturing scale to increase.[1] the other hand, The regional distribution of worldmanufacturing industry has changed, mostly concentrated in themanufacturing sector of developing countries in East and SoutheastAsia, the developed countries the manufacturing sector furthertowards East and Southeast Asia, the world's manufacturing industryis further .1998 to China, the United States to further develop the"Integrated Manufacturing Technology Roadmap"(IntegratedManufacturing Technology RoadmappingProject),manufacturing industry is facing the future of the six majorcharacteristics of the times are: 1 globalization of marketcompetition and limited resources, environmental protection 2, 3green manufacturing requirements of a large number of widelydistributed information requires the most quick pace of the mostuseful information, 4 the rapid development of science andtechnology, new materials and new manufacturing technology greatlyaccelerate the development of 5 manufacturing technology andproduct knowledge content increased significantly improve 6 userneeds and personality characteristics. Can be seen in the newperiod in the development of China's manufacturing industry isfaced with opportunities and challenges of globalization.
Manufacturing industry categories are also the largest, mostcomplex, the development of the area of the most extensive part ofthe national economy, "the main battlefield." Since the IndustrialRevolution of the world's economic development history shows thatmajor powers can not overcome any of the manufacturing stage ofdevelopment and direct access to a service-based economy. 没There isno strong support for the manufacturing industry, no country can becompleted from the economically backward agricultural country tothe changes in industrial countries.
The development of manufacturing industries to improve a country'scomprehensive national strength plays an irreplaceablerole.
Age 70-80 in order to restore because of policy failures caused bythe competitiveness of manufacturing industry recession, the UnitedStates to reconsider the "manufacturing sector is still theeconomic foundation of the United States" and to "promote thedevelopment of advanced manufacturing technology."NextGenerationManufacturing)， The manufacturing sector in order topredict the future development of new technology, the United Statesin 1997 formulated the "Next Generation Manufacturing Plan"(NextGenerationManufacturing), put forward the people, technologyand management for the future success of the three elements of themanufacturing sector can be seen in the revitalization ofmanufacturing industry, manufacturing technology to the importantrole. VisionaryManufacturing Challenges for 2020). Then, the UnitedStates has also filed a "Looking ahead in 2020 the challenge ofmanufacturing" (VisionaryManufacturing Challenges for 2020).